What works for whom in helping disabled people into work? (WP120)
Research into helping disabled people into employment and to remain and progress in work.
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Cited by 7 other policy documents
(4 of them are from other policy sources)
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The UK Government
The review complements previous work 2 and focuses more closely on disabled people and movements into work.
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2 Fulfilling Potential: Building a deeper understanding of disability in the UK today (http://odi.dwp.gov.uk/docs/fulfilling-potential/building-understanding-main-slide-deck.pdf), February 2013. Dibben, P., Wood, G., Nicolson, R. and O’Hara, R. (2012), Quantifying the effectiveness of interventions for people with common health conditions in enabling them to stay in or return to work: A rapid evidence assessment, DWP Research Report No. 812 (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/193381/rrep812.pdf)
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Joseph Rowntree Foundation
Young disabled people at school have similar employment and earnings aspirations as their non-disabled counterparts, but their experiences diverge starkly when they have completed their full-time education (Burchardt, 2005 quoted in EHRC, 2012).
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Burchardt, T. (2005). The education and employment of disabled young people: frustrated ambition. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
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However, a study of outcomes from the Prospects Service found evidence of high net costs per job gained (£1,500 per job), despite positive findings on improved employment prospects and benefit savings (Eurofound, 2012).
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Findings from across different studies suggest that: the role of the ‘job coach’ or employment/ personal adviser is critical to the success of supported employment schemes (Beyer and Robinson, 2009); long-term support with a structured process is also important (Greve, 2009) as are close links maintained with employers (Eurofound, 2012); some cases need specially created jobs for disabled employees and/or wage subsidies or financial support for employers (European Commission, 2012).
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(Eurofound, 2012) In a number of studies looked at by one review, ‘cream skimming’ was a suspected issue with ‘easier’ cases dominating scheme participation (PHRC, 2009).
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However, Prospects is effective at getting people into work and the evaluation also found improvements in quality of life for participants as well as improvements in health outcomes (Eurofound, 2012).
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There are very few initiatives directed exclusively at young disabled people (Eurofound, 2012).
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Eurofound (2012). Active inclusion of young people with disabilities or health problems. Eurofound
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OECD (2010). Sickness, disability and work: breaking the barriers. A synthesis of findings across OECD countries. OECD.
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OECD
OECD (2011). Sick on the job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work. OECD
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Advances in Psychiatric Treatment (Cambridge University Press (CUP))
Miles Rinaldi et al. 2008
This is based on the evidence of a large number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in the US, which reported employment rates among participants of 30 to 40 per cent, compared with 10 to 12 per cent for other approaches (Rinaldi et al., 2008).
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Another study found that people WHO took part in IPS schemes were twice as likely to get a job as people taking part in traditional vocational rehabilitation alternatives (Rinaldi et al., 2008).
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Overall, studies stress the value of a coherent national approach – for IPS the role of regional trainer has been fundamental to positive outcomes (Rinaldi et al., 2008).
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Studies of the efficacy of sheltered employment have found that rates of transition to the open labour market are typically low; various sources report that sheltered work schemes ‘do not provide a route to open employment’ (Rinaldi et al., 2008; Greve, 2009).
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A Cochrane review found no evidence that prevocational training was more effective in terms of moving people with severe mental health conditions into employment, than standard care (Rinaldi et al., 2008).
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has been found to increase motivation and self-efficacy in job-seeking behaviour for people with severe mental health conditions (Rinaldi et al., 2008).
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Much of the positive evidence relates to people with severe mental illness. Rinaldi et al. (2008) report that a Cochrane review of vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness found that IPS was more effective than other approaches in helping individuals to gain and retain competitive open employment.
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OECD (2011) stress the importance of early intervention in preventing cases of sickness absence becoming long-term. Rinaldi et al. (2008) report that a Cochrane review of vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness found that IPS (a form of supported employment) was more effective than other approaches in helping individuals to gain and retain competitive open employment.
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Rinaldi, M., Perkins, R., Glynn, E., Montibeller, T., Clenaghan., M. and Rutherford, J. (2008). Individual placement and support: from research to practice, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment Number 14: 50-60
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Wynne, R. and McAnaney, D. (2004). Employment and disability: Back to work strategies. Eurofound.
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