Integrated care for patients and populations: Improving outcomes by working together
This report from The King's Fund and Nuffield Trust is intended to support the Department of Health's development of a national strategy on integrated health and social care.
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Cited by 17 other policy documents
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New England Journal of Medicine (New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS))
Carol M. Ashton et al. 2003
Studies have shown that bed use fell by 55 per cent after the implementation of integrated service networks (Ashton et al 2003).
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Ashton C, Souchek J, Petersen NJ, Menke TJ, Collins TC, Kizer KW, Wright SM, Wray NP (2003). ‘Hospital use and survival amongst Veterans Affairs beneficiaries’. New England Journal of Medicine, vol 349, pp 1637–46.
On page 18
BMJ (BMJ)
J. Dixon et al. 2011
Recent analysis by the Nuffield Trust (Dixon et al 2011) about the allocation of health resource at an individual level provides a robust basis on which to calculate accurate capitated budgets.
On page 9
Dixon J, Smith P, Gravelle H, Martin S, Bardsley M, Rice N, Georghiou T, Dusheiko M, Billings J, De Lorenzo M, Sanderson, C (2011). ‘A person based formula for allocating commissioning funds to general practices in England: development of a statistical model’. British Medical Journal, vol 343: d6608.
On page 18
The Equality and Human Rights Commission
Equality and Human Rights Commission (2011). Close to Home: An inquiry into older people and human rights at home. Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission. Available at: www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/homecareFI/home_care_report.pdf (accessed on 13 December 2011). http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/homecareFI/home_care_report.pdf
On page 18
International Journal of Integrated Care (Ubiquity Press, Ltd.)
Dennis L. Kodner et al. 2002
Patients can get lost in the system, needed services fail to be delivered or are delayed or duplicated, the quality of the care experience declines, and the potential for cost-effectiveness diminishes (Kodner and Spreeuwenberg 2002).
On page 4
Kodner D, Spreeuwenberg C (2002). ‘Integrated Care: Meaning, logic, applications, and implications – a discussion paper’. International Journal of Integrated Care, vol 2, Available at: www.ijic.org/index.php/ijic/article/view/67 (accessed 13 December 2011). http://www.ijic.org/index.php/ijic/article/view/67
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Healthcare Quarterly (Longwoods Publishing)
Dennis Kodner 2009
Kodner D (2009). ‘All together now: a conceptual exploration of integrated care’. Healthcare Quarterly, vol 13(Sp), pp 6–15.
On page 19
Journal of Integrated Care (Emerald)
Walter Leutz 2005
In all cases, there is a focus on imposing the individual’s perspective as the organising principle of care delivery (Lloyd and Wait 2005), and on developing processes, methods and tools of integration that can facilitate such integrated care (Leutz 2005).
On page 6
Leutz W (2005). ‘Reflections on integrating medical and social care: five laws revisited. Journal of Integrated Care, vol 14, no 5, pp 3–12.
On page 19
Approaches to integrated care are likely to be more successful when they cover large populations (covering a city or county, for example) and a range of groups: older people; people with particular diseases or conditions; and people requiring access to specialist services (Goodwin et al 2010; Curry and Ham 2010; Humphries and Curry 2011).
On page 6
While such approaches would need to be carefully monitored to ensure that quality of care to patients, service users and carers is not compromised, we would support the development of integrated care partnerships where existing professional relationships are such that they are keen to take shared responsibility for delivering a range of services for a defined population (Smith et al 2009; Lewis et al 2010).
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Lewis R, Rosen R, Goodwin N, Dixon J (2010). Where Next for Integrated Care Organisations in the English NHS. London: Nuffield Trust and The King’s Fund.
On page 19
Nuffield Trust
To achieve integrated care, those involved with planning and providing services must impose the user's perspective as the organising principle of service delivery (Lloyd and Wait 2005; Shaw et al 2011).
On page 3
The benefits of integrated care Reviews by The King’s Fund and the Nuffield Trust of the research evidence conclude that significant benefits can arise from the integration of services where these are targeted at those client groups for whom care is currently poorly co-ordinated (Curry and Ham 2010; Goodwin and Smith 2011; Ham et al 2011b; Rosen et al 2011).
On page 4
The absence of a robust shared electronic patient record that is accessible to and used by all those involved in providing care to people with complex conditions is a major drawback to supporting a more appropriate and integrated response to people’s needs (eg, Curry and Ham 2010; Rosen et al 2011).
On page 7
Rosen R, Mountford J, Lewis G, Lewis R, Shand J, Shaw S (2011). Integration in Action: Four international case studies. London: Nuffield Trust.
On page 20
Nuffield Trust
To achieve integrated care, those involved with planning and providing services must impose the user's perspective as the organising principle of service delivery (Lloyd and Wait 2005; Shaw et al 2011).
On page 3
The benefits of integrated care Reviews by The King’s Fund and the Nuffield Trust of the research evidence conclude that significant benefits can arise from the integration of services where these are targeted at those client groups for whom care is currently poorly co-ordinated (Curry and Ham 2010; Goodwin and Smith 2011; Ham et al 2011b; Rosen et al 2011).
On page 4
The absence of a robust shared electronic patient record that is accessible to and used by all those involved in providing care to people with complex conditions is a major drawback to supporting a more appropriate and integrated response to people’s needs (eg, Curry and Ham 2010; Rosen et al 2011).
On page 7
Shaw S, Rosen R, Rumbold B (2011). What is integrated care? London: Nuffield Trust.
On page 20
Without the time and resources to demonstrate change, research results often report that integrated care has failed to achieve its desired goals (Steventon et al 2011).
On page 7
Several recent evaluations – for example, of the Whole System Demonstrator pilots and the Partnership for Older People Projects programme (Steventon et al 2011) – have highlighted the benefits of linking routinely collected data on individuals and of monitoring interventions in as close to real time as possible.
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Steventon A, Bardsley M, Billings J, Georghiou T, Lewis G (2011). An evaluation of the impact of community-based interventions on hospital use. London: Nuffield Trust
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International Journal of Integrated Care (Ubiquity Press, Ltd.)
Hindrik Vondeling 2004
The complexity of integrated care, along with the difficulty of assigning costs to processes and outcomes delivered at a local level, make economic evaluation difficult (Vondeling 2004).
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Vondeling H (2004). ‘Economic evaluation of integrated care: an introduction’. International Journal of Integrated Care, vol 4:e20.
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Health Expectations (Wiley)
Hubertus J. M. Vrijhoef et al. 2009
There are many different methods for assessing an individual’s views of care (Vrijhoef et al 2009); for example, the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is used to evaluate patients’ ability to manage their own illnesses; and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) help capture impact on people’s health and wellbeing (for example, reduction in pain, or increase in mobility).
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Vrijhoef HJ, Berbee R, Wagner EH, Steuten LM (2009). ‘Quality of integrated chronic care measured by patient survey: identification, selection and application of most appropriate instruments’. Health Expectations, vol 12, no 4, pp 417–29.
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