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Overton ID
upjohninstitute-cd0cca6af2224955e60266bbc66ae85a
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages? Causal Evidence from Nonparametric Bounds
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages? Causal Evidence from Nonparametric Bounds
We revisit much-investigated relationships between schooling and health, focusing on schooling impacts on cognitive abilities at older ages using the Harmonized Cognition Assessment Protocol in the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) and a bounding approach that requires relatively weak assumptions. Our estimated upper bounds on the population average effects indicate potentially large causal effects of increasing schooling from primary to secondary; yet, these upper bounds are smaller than many estimates from the literature on causal schooling impacts on cognition using compulsory-schooling laws. We also cannot rule out small and null effects at this margin. We do, however, find evidence for positive causal effects on cognition of increasing schooling from secondary to tertiary. We replicate findings from the HRS using older adults from the Midlife in United States Development Study Cognitive Project. We further explore possible mechanisms through which schooling may be working—such as health, SES, occupati...
Cites research funded by
1
National Institute of Aging (NIA)
1
Dupont-Warren/Livingston Fellowships, Harvard Medical School
1
Muriel Silberstein Alzheimer's Disease Research Fund
1
Harvard Aging Brain Study
1
Jacobs Foundation
1
Nuffield Foundation
1
National Institute of Health
2
NIH CTSA (January 2022)
2
NIH CTSA
9
National Institute on Aging
1
Deep South RCMAR
11
National Institutes of Health
6
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
8
NIH (Special project, May 2022)
1
NIA Diversity Supplement
2
NIA
2
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
2
Economic and Social Research Council
3
European Commission
2
UK Research and Innovation
2
UKRI (Special project, May 2022)
5
OpenAlex NIH DOIs (April 2024)
1
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
3
National Institute of Nursing Research
1
Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, National Institutes of Health
4
Health Resources and Services Administration
1
HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging
1
MRC
1
BBSRC (September 2021)
2
NIA NIH HHS
1
Medical Research Council
1
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
1
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía
1
Population Research Center
1
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
1
University of Texas at Austin
1
Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
1
University of Texas System
1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1
DFG (Special project, May 2022)
1
Seventh Framework Programme
1
Wellcome Trust
2
ESRC
2
ESRC January 2022
2
FP7_ERC (Special project, May 2022)
1
H2020_REST (Special project, May 2022)
1
H2020_REST_ThirdPillar (Special project, May 2022)
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Recognized names mentioned in this document
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Hans-Peter Kohler
at University of Pennsylvania
Vikesh Amin
at Central Michigan University
Jere R. Behrman
at University of Pennsylvania
Carlos A. Flores
at California Polytechnic State University
Vikesh Amin
at Central Michigan University
Jere R. Behrman
at University of Pennsylvania
Hans-Peter Kohler
at University of Pennsylvania
Jason M. Fletcher
at University of Wisconsin–Madison
Jason M. Fletcher
at University of Wisconsin–Madison
Jason M. Fletcher
at University of Wisconsin–Madison
Carlos A. Flores
at California Polytechnic State University
Alfonso Flores-Lagunes
at California Polytechnic State University
Vikesh Amin
at Central Michigan University
Carlos A. Flores
at California Polytechnic State University
Jere R. Behrman
at University of Pennsylvania
